Vhiki rino, vadzimi vemoto vakatanga vakumbira kuongororwa kwakazvimirira kwePFAS, kemikari ine chekuita negomarara mumidziyo, uye vakakumbira mubatanidzwa kuti usiye rutsigiro rwevagadziri vemakemikari nemidziyo.
Sean Mitchell, kaputeni weNantucket Fire department, akashanda mazuva ese kwemakore gumi nemashanu.Kupfeka sutu hombe iyoyo kunogona kumudzivirira pakupisa nemirazvo kubasa.Asi gore rapfuura, iye nechikwata chake vakasangana netsvakiridzo inokangaidza: makemikari ane chepfu pamidziyo inoshandiswa kuchengetedza hupenyu anogona kurwarisa.
Vhiki rino, Captain Mitchell nedzimwe nhengo dzeInternational Firefighters Association, sangano guru revanodzima moto muUnited States, vakakumbira vakuru vemubatanidzwa kuti vatore matanho.Vanotarisira kuita bvunzo dzakazvimirira paPFAS nemakemikari ainoshandisa, uye vokumbira mubatanidzwa kuti ubvise rutsigiro rwevagadziri vemidziyo uye indasitiri yemakemikari.Mumazuva mashoma anotevera, zvinotarisirwa kuti vamiriri vanomirira nhengo dzesangano iri dzinodarika mazana matatu ezviuru vachavhotera chiyero ichi — kekutanga.
"Tinoratidzirwa kumakemikari aya mazuva ese," Captain Mitchell akadaro.“Uye pandinoramba ndichidzidza, ndipo pandinowedzera kunzwa sekuti ndini chete anoita makemikoro aya anotaura makemikari aya.”
Nekuwedzera kwemigumisiro yekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuchengetedzwa kwevanodzima moto kwakava dambudziko rekukurumidzira kugadziriswa.Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwakawedzera tembiricha uye kwakonzera kuti nyika itambure nemoto unoramba uchiparadza, zvichikonzera izvi zvinodiwa.Muna Gumiguru, vadzimi vemoto gumi nevaviri muCalifornia vakamhan'arira 3M, Chemours, EI du Pont de Nemours nevamwe vagadziri.Gore rakapera, maeka 4.2 miriyoni akapiswa munyika, vachiti makambani aya akazvigadzira nemaune kwemakumi emakore.Uye kutengeswa kwemidziyo yekudzima moto.Iine makemikari ane chepfu pasina yambiro nezve njodzi yemakemikari.
“Kudzima moto ibasa rine njodzi uye hatidi kuti vanodzima moto vabate moto.Vanoda dziviriro iyi.”akadaro Linda Birnbaum, aimbova mutungamiriri weNational Institute of Environmental Health Sayenzi."Asi isu tava kuziva kuti PFAS inogona kushanda, uye haishande nguva dzose."
Dr. Birnbaum akawedzera, kuti: “Maturakiti mazhinji okufema anotama achibuda opinda mumhepo, uye kufema kuri pamaoko avo uye pamiviri yavo.”"Kana vakaenda kumba kunogeza, vanoenda nePFAS kumba.
DuPont yakataura kuti "yakaodzwa mwoyo" nevadzimi vemoto vachitsvaga kurambidzwa kwerutsigiro, uye kuzvipira kwayo pabasa "kwaisazununguka."3M yakati ine "basa" rePFAS uye inoramba ichishanda nemasangano.Chemours yaramba kutaura.
Zvichienzaniswa nemirazvo inouraya, zvivako zvakakomberedzwa noutsi kana kuti hero dzesango uko vanodzima moto vari kurwisana, ngozi dzemakemikari ari mumidziyo yokudzimisa moto dzinoita sedzachenuruka.Asi mumakumi matatu emakore apfuura, gomarara rave iro riri kukonzera kufa kwevadzimi moto munyika yose, zvichitora makumi manomwe neshanu muzana ekufa kwevanodzima moto muna 2019.
Ongororo yakaitwa neNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health muUnited States yakaratidza kuti njodzi yegomarara yevanodzima moto yakakura ne9% pane yeruzhinji muUnited States uye njodzi yekufa nechirwere ichi yakakwira nechikamu che14%.Nyanzvi dzehutano dzinoratidza kuti vadzimi vemoto vane njodzi yakanyanya yekenza ye testicular, mesothelioma uye isiri-Hodgkin's lymphoma, uye chiitiko chacho hachina kuderera, kunyange zvazvo vadzimi vemoto vekuAmerica ikozvino vanoshandisa airbags yakafanana nemidziyo yekudhaira kuti vazvidzivirire kubva kuMoto utsi hunotyisa.
Jim Burneka, mudzimi wemoto muDayton, Ohio, akati: “Uku hakusi kufa pabasa rechinyakare.Vanodzima moto vanodonha pasi kana kuti denga rinodonha pedyo nesu. "Munyika yose Deredzai njodzi yegomarara yevashandi.“Urwu rudzi rutsva rwerufu rwemutoro.Richiri basa rinotiuraya.Kungoti takabvisa bhutsu tikafa.”
Kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma kumisa hukama hwakananga pakati pekuratidzwa kwemakemikari nekenza, kunyanya mumatambudziko ega ega, nyanzvi dzezvehutano dzinonyevera kuti kushandiswa kwemakemikari kuri kuwedzera njodzi yekenza kune vanodzima moto.The culprit: furo rinoshandiswa nevanodzima moto kudzima moto une ngozi.Dzimwe nyika dzakatora matanho ekurambidza kushandiswa kwavo.
Zvisinei, chidzidzo chakabudiswa gore rapera nevatsvakurudzi veYunivhesiti yeNotre Dame vakawana kuti zvipfeko zvekudzivirira moto zvevanodzima moto zvine nhamba yakawanda yemakemikari akafanana kuchengetedza zvipfeko zvekudzivirira mvura.Vatsvakurudzi vakaona kuti makemikari aya anodonha kubva pahembe, kana mune dzimwe nguva anotamira kune yemukati yejasi.
Izvo kemikari zvinhu zviri kutaurwa ndezvekirasi yezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa zvinonzi perfluoroalkyl uye polyfluoroalkyl zvinhu, kana PFAS, izvo zvinowanikwa mumhando yezvigadzirwa, zvinosanganisira mabhokisi esnack nefenicha.PFAS dzimwe nguva inonzi "makemikari ekusingaperi" nekuti haana kushatiswa zvachose munharaunda uye nekudaro anosanganiswa neakasiyana ehutano, anosanganisira cancer, kukuvara kwechiropa, kuderera kwembereko, asima, uye thyroid chirwere.
Graham F. Peaslee, purofesa wekuedza nuclear physics, chemistry uye biochemistry kuNotre Dame de Paris, uyo anoona nezvekutsvakurudza, akati kunyange zvazvo mamwe maitiro ePFAS ari kubviswa, dzimwe nzira hadzina kuratidzwa kuti dzakachengeteka.
Dr. Peaslee vakati: “Iyi ingozi huru zvikuru, asi tinogona kubvisa ngozi iyi, asi haugoni kubvisa ngozi yokupaza chivako chinotsva.”“Uye havana kuudza vanodzima moto nezvazvo.Saka ivo vakaipfeka, vachidzungaira pakati pekufona. "Akati."Kuonana kwenguva refu, hazvina kunaka."
Doug W. Stern, mutungamiriri wezvinobudisa nhau weInternational Firefighters Association, akataura kuti kwemakore akawanda, kwave kuri mutemo uye tsika kuti nhengo dzinongopfeka midziyo yekudzima moto kana pakaitika mwoto kana njodzi.
Hutongi hweBiden hwataura kuti huchaita kuti PFAS ive pamberi.Mumagwaro ake emushandirapamwe, Mutungamiriri Biden akavimbisa kudoma PFOS sechinhu chine ngozi kuitira kuti vagadziri nevamwe vanosvibisa vabhadhare kuchenesa uye kuseta mitemo yenyika yekunwa yemakemikari.New York, Maine neWashington vakatotora danho rekurambidza PFAS mukurongedza chikafu, uye zvimwe zvirambidzo zviri mupombi.
"Zvakakosha kusabvisa PFAS kubva kune zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ese sechikafu, zvekuzora, machira, makapeti," akadaro Scott Faber, mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wehurumende weEnvironmental Working Group, sangano risingabatsiri rinoita zvehutsanana."Uyezve, chikamu chevadzimi vemoto vakafumurwa chakakwirawo."
Lon.Ron Glass, purezidhendi weOrlando Professional Fire Workers Association, anga ari mudzimi wemoto kwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu.Mugore rapfuura, vamwe vake vaviri vakafa nekenza.Iye akati: “Pandakatanga kupinza basa, chikonzero chikuru chorufu itsaona yomoto kubasa uye ipapo hosha yemwoyo.”"Iye zvino yave cancer."
“Pakutanga, munhu wese aipomera zvinhu zvakasiyana kana furo rakatsva.Ipapo, takavamba kuifunda zvakadzama uye takavamba kufunda midziyo yedu yebhankeri.”Akati.“Mugadziri akatanga kutiudza kuti hapana chakaipa uye hapana chakaipa.Zvinoitika kuti PFAS haingori paganda rekunze chete, asiwo paganda redu remukati. "
Lieutenant Glass nevamwe vake vava kukurudzira International Firefighters Association (iyo inomiririra vanodzima moto uye varapi vehutano muUnited States neCanada) kuti iite imwe bvunzo.Chisungo chavo chakasvitswa kumusangano wepagore wesangano iri svondo rino, uye vakakumbirawo mubatanidzwa uyu kuti ushande nevanogadzira zvinhu kuti vagadzire dzimwe nzira dzisina njodzi.
Panguva imwecheteyo, Captain Mitchell arikukurudzira masangano evashandi kuti arambe rubatsiro rwemangwana kubva kune vanogadzira makemikari nemidziyo.Anotenda kuti mari iyi yadzikira danho panyaya iyi.Zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kuti muna 2018, mubatanidzwa wakagamuchira mari inosvika zviuru mazana maviri emadhora kubva kumakambani anosanganisira mugadziri wemachira WL Gore uye mugadziri wemidziyo MSA Safety.
VaStern vakaratidza kuti mubatanidzwa unotsigira tsvakiridzo pamusoro pePFAS exposure science ine chekuita nemidziyo yekudzima moto uye iri kushanda pamwe nevatsvaguri pazvidzidzo zvikuru zvitatu, chimwe chinosanganisira PFAS muropa revanodzima moto, uye mumwe achidzidza guruva kubva kubazi rezvemoto kuona zvirimo muPFAS, uye bvunzo yechitatu yePFAS-yekudzimisa moto michina.Vati mubatanidzwa uyu unotsigirawo vamwe vaongorori vanonyorera kuti vawane mari yekudzidza nyaya dzePFAS.
WL Gore akati inoramba iine chivimbo mukuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa zvayo.MSA Security haina kupindura kuchikumbiro chekutaura.
Chimwe chipingamupinyi ndechekuti vagadziri vanotora chinzvimbo chakakosha muNational Fire Protection Association, iyo inotarisira zviyero zvemidziyo yemoto.Semuenzaniso, hafu yenhengo dzekomiti ine basa rekutarisa zviyero zvezvipfeko zvekudzivirira nemidziyo zvinobva kuindasitiri.Mumwe mutauriri wesangano racho akataura kuti matare aya anomiririra “zvido zvakaenzana, kusanganisira bazi rezvemoto.”
Murume waDiane Cotter, Paul, mudzimi wemoto muWorcester, Massachusetts, akaudzwa makore manomwe apfuura kuti akanga ane kenza.Aive mumwe wekutanga kukwidza kushushikana nezvePFAS.Pashure pemakore 27 ebasa, murume wake achangobva kukwidziridzwa kuva lieutenant muna September 2014. “Asi muna October, basa rake rakapera,” akadaro Ms. Kotter.Akabatwa cancer.Uye handikwanise kukuudza kuti zvinokatyamadza sei.“
Akataura kuti vanodzima moto vekuEurope havachashandisi PFAS, asi paakatanga kunyora vagadziri muUnited States, pakanga pasina "mhinduro."Vati zvakaitwa nemubatanidzwa zvakakosha, kunyange hazvo murume wavo akange anonoka.Amai Kurt vakati: “Chinonyanya kuoma ndechekuti haakwanisi kudzokera kubasa.”
Nguva yekutumira: Feb-04-2021